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6. He was. richest man in. village.

7. Pete is… tallest boy in our class.

8. Nick is… shortest boy, but he is very strong.

9. He is… stronger than many boys who are taller than he.

10. I think Nick is… strongest boy in class.


Перед превосходной степенью прилагательных употребляется определенные артикль.

E. g. Asia is the largest continent.

My brother is the best pupil in his class.


Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Bill Robins was… very rich man. He was… richest man in… village.

2. Pete is… tallest boy in our class. Nick is… shortest boy, but he is very strong.

3. He is… stronger than many boys who are taller than he.

4. I think Nick is… strongest boy in class.

5. Granny often tells us… long stories. Today her story was still… longer.

6. It was… longest story. She began telling it after… dinner and finished it before… supper.

7. But… story was very interesting. I think it was… most interesting of Granny's stories.

8. Which was… most difficult exercise in. test-paper?

9. Which is… best season of the yea?

10. February is… shortest month of the year.


Answer the questions.

1. How are arteries classified?

2. What do large elastic conducting arteries include?

3. What is the tunica intima composed of?

4. What does an internal elastic membrane mark?

5. Is the tunica media thick?

6. Is the tunica adventitia a longitudinally oriented collection of col-lagenous bundles?

7. With what do the tunica adventitia associated?

8. What are muscular distributing arteries?

9. Up to how many layers of smooth muscle may occur?

10. What is the media composed of?


Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences).

Find the definite and indefinite articles in the text.


ЛЕКЦИЯ № 19. Capillaries



Capillaries are thin-walled, narrow-diameter, low-pressure vessels that generally permit easy diffusion across their walls. Most capillar ies have a cross-sectional diameter of 7-12 mm. They are composed of a simple layer of endothelium, which is the lining of the entire vas cu-lar system, and an underlying basal lamina. They are attached to the surrounding tissues by a delicate reticulum of collagen. Associated with these vessels at various points along their length are specialized cells called pericytes. These cells, enclosed within their own basal lamina, which is continuous with that of the endothelium, contain contractile proteins and thus may be involved in the control of capillary dynamics. They may also serve as stem cells at times of vascular repair. Capillaries are generally divided into three types, according to the structure of their endothelial cell walls.

Continuous (muscular, somatic) capillaries are formed by a single uninterrupted layer of endothelial cells rolled up into the shape of a tube and can be found in locations such as connective tissue, muscle, and nerve.

Fenestrated (visceral) capillaries are characterized by the presence of pores in the endothelial cell wall. The pores are covered by a thin diaphragm (except in the glomeruli of the kidney) and are usually encountered in tissues where rapid substance interchange occurs (e. g., kidney, intestine, endocrine glands).