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I to watch _ TV


Если перед существительным стоит вопросительное или относительное местоимение, артикль опускается.

E. g. What colour is your cat?

I want to know what _ book you are reading.


Заполните пропуски, где необходимо.

1. My… aunt and my… uncle are… doctors.

2. They work at… hospital.

3. They get up at seven o'clock in… morning.

4. They go to… bed at eleven o'clock.

5. I work in… morning and in. after noon.

6. I don't work in… evening. I sleep at… night.

7. When do you leave… home for… school?

8. I leave… home at… quarter past eight in… morning.

9. What does your mother do after… breakfast?

10. She goes to… work.

11. Is there… sofa in your… living-room?

12. Yes, there is… cosy little… sofa in… living-room.

13. Where is… sofa? – It is in… corner of… room to… left of… door.

14. I like to sit on this… sofa in… front of… TV-set in… evening.

15. There is… nice coffee-table near… window.

16. There are… newspapers on… coffee-table.

17. There is… tea in… glass.

18. When do you watch… TV? – I watch TV in… evening.

19. We have… large colour TV-set in our… room.

20. There is. beautiful vase on… TV-set. There are… flowers in… vase.


Answer the questions.

1. How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

2. What does each rib articulate with?

3. What does the manubrium articulates with?

4. With how many ribs does the body articulates directly?

5. How many pairs of ribs are there?

6. How are termed ribs 1-7?

7. How are termed ribs 8-10?

8. How are classified ribs 11-12?

9. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there?

10. What does intercostal nerves supply?


Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences).

Find the definite and indefinite articles in the text.


ЛЕКЦИЯ № 15. Blood



Blood is considered a modified type of connective tissue. Mesoder-mal in origin, it is composed of cells and cell frag ments (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets), fibrous proteins (fibrinogen – fibrin during clotting), and an extracellular amorphous ground substance of fluid and proteins (plasma). Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body and waste materials away from cells to the kidney and lungs. It also contains cellular elements of the immune system as well as humoral factors. This chapter will discuss the differ ent elements of blood and the processes by which they are formed.


Formed elements of the blood

The formed elements of the blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are important in trans porting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and in returning carbon dioxide to the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide carried in the RBC combine with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin and carbaminohemoglobin, respectively.

Mature erythrocytes are denucleated, biconcave disks with a diameter of 7-8 mm. The biconcave shape results in a 20-30% increase in sur face area compared to a sphere.

Erythrocytes have a very large surface area: volume ratio that allows for efficient gas transfer. Erythrocyte membranes are remarkably pliable, enabling the cells to squeeze through the narrowest capillaries. In sickle cell anemia, this plasticity is lost, and the subsequent clogging of capillaries leads to sickle crisis. The normal concentration of erythrocytes in blood is 3,5-5,5 million/mm