used by I.Asimov in the meaning "books shown on a TV screen".

5. stupid (colloq.): a stupid person.

6. sure (Am. colloq.): inevitably, without fail.

7. 1 betcha (illit.): I am sure.

8. 1/2 and 1/4 — one half and one quarter; 1/8 — one eighth; 1/3 — one third.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Vocabulary Notes

1. stand vi 1) to be in an upright position, as to stand still (straight, motionless); to stand with one's back to smb.; to stand in one's

light; to stand leaning against smth., to stand in a line; to stand on end to rise up on the head as a result of fright or astonishment, e.

g. His hair stood on end. to stand out to be outlined, to be prominent, e. g. The green roof stood out against the clear sky. His work

stands out from that of the others, to stand up for smb. (smth.) to defend or support smb. (smth.), e. g. George stood up for precedent,

it stands to reason it goes without saying, e. g. It stands to reason that we must do the job as well as possible. 2) to bear smth., e. g.

Montmorency couldn't stand George's music. I cannot stand heat (pain, his jokes, the climate, etc.). to stand one's ground to be firm,

e. g. Everybody was against him, but he stood his ground. 3) to remain unchanged, e. g. The agreement stands. 4) to provide and

pay for, as to stand treat (z. e. pay the bill); 5) to support, e. g. We must stand by each other. 6) to be, e. g. He stands 6 foot in

height, to stand for to mean, e. g. M.P. stands for Member of Parliament.

2. hate vt to have a strong dislike for; wish evil to; (collag.) regret, e. g. My cat hates dogs. I hate troubling you (to trouble you).

hate n hatred; extreme dislike or ill-will, e. g. He was filled with hate for his enemy.

hateful adj feeling, showing or causing hate, as a hateful crime, hateful glances, hateful lie.

hatred n hate; strong ill-will; {collog.) strong dislike, e. g. He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.

3. smile vi/t 1) to have a smile on one's face, e. g. He never smiles. What are you smiling at? Fortune has always smiled on (upon)

him. 2) to express by smiling; drive away by smiling, as to smile away vexation (grief), e. g. He is not a man to smile away

vexation.

smile n 1) the act of smiling; a smiling expression, e. g. There was a pleasant (cruel, ironical, etc.) smile on her face, to be all smiles

to look pleased, e. g. The little boy's face was all smiles when he saw his new toy. 2) pi. favour, support, as to enjoy the smiles of

fortune.

4. pat vi/t 1) to tap or hit smth. lightly (often as a sign of affection), as to pat a dog, e. g. Amy patted her shoulder with warmth. 2) to carry out the action of patting, make a patting sound, e. g. She patted the books into a neat pile. He patted his foot listening to the

music.

pat nl|a slight tap or stroke given with the open hand, e. g. He gave me a friendly pat on the shoulder. 2) a light sound made by

striking lightly with smth. flat.

5. take vi/t 1) to seize or lay hold of with the hand(s), or with an instrument; to grasp, capture,