Mile urethra is anatomically divided into three portions: prostatic membranous, and spongy (penile).

The prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and proximal penile urethra develop from the narrow portion of the uro genital sinus below the urinary bladder. The distal spongy urethra is derived from the ectodermal cells of the glans penis.

Fimale urethra: The upper two-thirds develops from the esonephric ducts, and the lower portion is derived from the ogenital sinus.

The urinary system is the major system involved in the excre tion of metabolic waste products and excess water from the body. It is also important in maintaining a homeostatic bal ance of fluids and electrolytes. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the ure thra. Urine is produced by the kidneys and is then transmit ted via the ureters to the bladder for temporary storage. The urethra is the final pathway that conveys urine to the exteri or. This system also has an important endocrine function in the production of renin and erythropoietin, which influence blood pressure and red blood cell (RBC) formation, respec tively.

New words

urinary system – мочевая система

consisting of – состоящий из

kidneys – почки

bladder – мочевой пузырь

excretory ducts – выделительные трубочки

mesodermal – мезодермальный

endodermal – эндодермальный

derivatives – производные

con tribution – вклад

sequentially – последовательно

pronephros – первичная почка

vestigial – остаточный

transiently – скоротечно

definitive – категорический

permanent – постоянный

duct – трубочка

bud – зародыш

to dilates – расширять

urogenital – мочеполовой

cloaca – клоака

anorectal canal – канал анаректальный

waste products – ненужные продукты

maintaining – поддержание

a homeostatic balance – гомеостатический баланс

fluids – жидкости

electrolytes – электролиты

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect.

1. When I called at his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hours before.

2. When I came to the station, I (not to) find my friend there as I (to be) five minutes late and the train (to leave).

3. He (to want) to visit the place where he (to live) in his childhood.

4. The telegram (to come) some minutes after he (to leave).

5. She (to look) very tired as she (to work) hard.

6. I (to return) to the hotel only late at night as I (to lose) my way in the fog. When I (to come) up to my room, I (to see) Pete who (to stand) at the door of the room. He (to wait) for me as he (to lose) his key and could not get in.

7. When I (to wake) up, it (to be) already ten o'clock. I (to call) my brother. Nobody (to answer). He already (to leave).

8. I (to go) up to the open window. The rain (to stop) and the sun (to shine) brightly. The birds in the garden (to sing). The morning (to be) fine.

9. When the rain (to stop) I (to look) out of the window and (to see) John who (to stand) under a tree waiting for me.

10. Last night we (to go) to a football match.

11. We (to take) a bus. The bus (to be) full, of people as many people (to want) to see the match.