18. Не зная правил игры, они ушли, не приняв в ней участия.

19. —Да знаю я его секрет!—И я тоже.

20. — Число людей, изучающих английский язык, становится все больше с каждым годом. — Да, это настоятельная необходимость

для культурных и образованных (людей).

APPENDIX

TACTIC SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS ON WRITING SUMMARY AND ESSAYS

Summary

A summary is a clear concise orderly retelling of the contents of a passage or a text and is ordinarily about 1/3 or 1/4 as

long as the original.

The student who is in the habit of searching for the main points, understanding them, learning them, and reviewing them is

educating himself. The ability to get at the essence of a matter is important. The first and most important step in making a

summary is reading the passage thoroughly. After it write out clearly in your own words the main points of the selection.

Subordinate or eliminate minor points. Retain the paragraphing of the original, unless the summary is extremely short.

Preserve the proportion of the original.

Change direct narration to indirect whenever it is possible, use words instead of word combinations and word combinations

instead of sentences. Omit figures of speech, repetitions, and most examples. Don't use personal pronouns, use proper names.

Do not introduce any extra material by way of opinion, interpretation or appreciation.

Read the selection again and criticize and revise your words.

Narrative Essay

In narrative essays you are required to tell a story or write about an event.

Instructions

1. You must do all you can to make your essay interesting. To achieve this it is necessary to include incident and details

which are drawn from everyday life or which you have imagined. Once you've found something definite to say your essay

will be interesting to read.

2. Unity. Just as it is important to connect your sentences within a paragraph, you should make sure that your paragraphs lead

on naturally to each other. Do not repeat yourself. Make sure that every paragraph adds something new to the essay.

3. Balance and proportion. The length of a paragraph will depend on what you want to say. However, do not let yourself be car-

ried away by fascinating but unimportant details. Never attempt to write an essay in a single paragraph.

4. Do not address the teacher or make comments on what you want to say like "I do not like the subject and do not know how to

begin ..." or "...and now it is time to finish my essay", etc.

5. It is absolutely necessary to read your work through when you have finished writing. While doing so keep a sharp look out

for grammatical mistakes.

6.

After you've finished your essay choose a suitable short tail. Make sure that it has to do with the subject, but it shouldn't give the

reader too much information.

Planning

It is always best to tell things the way in which they happened. Your first paragraph should set the scene. The most exciting

part of your story should come at the end, on the way you'll keep the reader in suspense.

The general outline for stories should be as follows: